The Caribou Management Unit Pilot Project An update of the 1996 field season in the Caribou Unit is now available.
	In 1995, work was begun on applying the model to an entire forest management unit. The Caribou West Management Unit in northwestern Ontario, covering an area of 800,000 hectares, was selected as the test unit (yellow box at left). The model was applied to the entire management unit and field surveys were effected. No previous field surveys or archaeological sites are recorded for this area. The field program began on August 28 and continued through to September 26 with a 4 day break in between. The field component had two goals. The first was to survey a cross section of a huge management unit to gain some indications into the types of sites existing in the area. Secondly, I wanted to examine areas different from those examined in previous years - especially abandoned beach ridges, eskers and outwash plains. We surveyed along a 40km north/south axis through the western side of the management unit. Seven sites were identified, two of which have diagnostic material and one with identifiable bone.

	EcJt-1: The Desire Site An Archaic campsite located on a sandy point on the east shore of Ragged Wood Lake. Surface surveys and test pits resulted in recovery of 2 flakes, 1 exhausted core?? and one complete Archaic point made of slate/greywacke. Assigned to the Archaic Period (7000-3000 years before present).
	EcJt-2: The Sandy Cove Site An single flake discovered on a sand beach in a cove on Ragged Wood Lake. Surface surveys did not identify any additional archaeological resources. Assigned an unknown prehistoric age.
	EdJs-1: Spirit Lake Portage Site We weren't even looking for this site. At the end of an unexpectedly long (8 hour) portage over a height of land, I put my hand in the water. Out came a piece of quartz. However, it was so late and getting dark and we still had two hours to paddle and find a place to camp. I put it into my pack and the next day I took a good look at it. The artifact turns out to be a broken biface. Assigned an unknown prehistoric age.
	EdJs-2: Ashley Site Prehistoric campsite/activity location located at the southernmost inlet of St. Raphael Lake. The site is on bedrock with thin soil covering. Numerous retouch/thinning flakes and identifiable bone were excavated along with lots of burned bone. Assigned to the Late Woodland period (1000 to 500 years before present) primarily because of the state of bone preservation.
	EdJs-3: St. Raphael Narrows Northeast A single flake excavated from a test pit on a rocky narrows on St. Raphael Lake. This site is several hundred meters north of EdJs-4. Assigned an unknown prehistoric age.
	EdJs-4: St. Raphael Narrows Southeast This is prehistoric campsite located on a rocky narrows on St. Raphael Lake. A number of test pits were excavated; two of which were positive. One chert point base and one quartz biface base and flakes were recovered. Assigned to the Woodland period (3000 to 500 years before present).
	EeJs-1: Esker Drums Site A single chert flake was recovered from the waterside of an extensive esker complex. The esker runs NE/SW and is intersected by St. Raphael Lake. Additional surface survey and test pit excavation did not result in the identification of any additional archaeological material. Assigned an unknown prehistoric age.

The second stage of the survey was along an east/west oriented lake and river system along the southern part of the management unit. Three pictograph sites, unrecorded in the provincial registry but noted on the unit's values map and were pointed out to us prior to the survey. None of these are reported in Selwyn Dewdney's comprehensive book on pictograph sites (Dewdney and Kidd, Indian Rock Paintings of the Great Lakes Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1967).

	EcJr-1: Moosolf Rapids Site This site is located at the base of a rapids and falls that drains into Fairchild Lake. A single chert flake was found at the base of a portage trail at the north end of the carrying place. No test pits were excavated at this location.
	EcJr-2: Fairchild Lake Pictograph #1 This pictograph consists of a small, south facing panel (about 1 m2). Consists of four elements - two smears, one a canoe/fish/animal??? and another that is perhaps a horned figure with two small vertical lines below.
	EcJr-2: Fairchild Lake Pictograph #2 This pictograph consists of a small, south facing panel (about 1 m2) located about 2-300 meters west of EcJr-2 above. Consists of two faint abstract elements.
	EcJr-3: Great Standing Rock Pictograph This pictograph is located on an 8-10m tall boulder on the east bank of a small creek draining south into Fairchild Lake. There are four separate panels at the base of the boulder. Two of the panels are large smears. One panel is a possible canoe figure. The fourth panel contains several elements, the largest and most prominent is pictured at left.

	EcJs-1: The Allen Site Surface collections and test pits recovered 133 flakes and tools of all kinds of materials including possible jasper taconite and gunflint formation chert (common in the Thunder Bay/western Lake Superior Basin area), high to low quality cherts including some Hudson Bay Lowland chert, various types of quartzes, slate/siltstone/greywacke, and something that could be Knife Lake Siltstone/Lake of the Woods chert
	Numerous diagnostic material including 1 large trihedral adze (upper left image), 1 small trihedral adze (middle left image), both complete, 1 broken trihedral adze, 1 large complete sidescraper (lower left image), 2 small complete end scrapers, 1 (maybe 2) small incomplete end scrapers (perhaps of jasper taconite), 1 chert point base - side notched and square shouldered, 1 midsection of a possible lanceolate point/biface, 1 point tip of a slate-ish material, 1 biface of slate-ish material, 1 discarded biface of an orange quartz. Many of the flakes recovered are similar to material identified at a chert source some 15 kilometres east (see EcJr-5 above).
	Test pits excavated behind the main area of concentration of artifacts revealed a buried component up to a metre below surface. Other test pits on the downriver side of the landform approximately 50 metres from the main area of concentration, in situ flakes recovered from the upper 20cm of the soils. Very interesting and important site worthy of further investigation at a more detailed level. This site is assigned to the Early Archaic Period (ca. 7000 years before present).

Quartz biface	Endscraper	Greywacke Point Tip	Greywacke Point Tip	Chert Point Base
Adze	Point Midshaft	Endscraper	Endscraper

	EcJs-2: Fairchild Narrows Site One chert and two quartz flakes were surface collected from a sand spit opposite EcJs-1. No test pits were excavated a this location. Assigned an unknown prehistoric age.
	EcJr-5: Chert Ridge Locality Raw material source - possible quarry location located above an abandoned beach ridge north of Kashaweogama Lake. Numerous bands of highly metamorphosed silica-based rocks including everything from chert to quartz and all variations inbetween. The bands are tilted on their sides and are actively weathering off the bedrock. I didn't see any evidence for quarrying but that isn't surprising as enough material is weathering that quarrying might not be necessary. The material found here is similar to material found at EcJs-1 above. This aspect is something interesting to investigate further.
	EcJs-3: First Marchington Rapids Site This is a campsite that was discovered along a portage trail at the uppermost of the Marchington River rapids. Eight test pits were excavated with numerous small flakes (retouch/thinning) recovered. This site is assigned unknown prehistoric age.